The promise of artificial liver replacement Howard

1. Abstract 2. Introduction 2.1. The Normal Liver 2.2. Biochemical evaluation hepatic function 2.2.1. Markers of synthetic function 2.2.2. Markers of excretory function 2.2.3. Markers of hepatocellualr damage 2.3. Liver Failure 2.3.1. Coagulopathy 2.3.2. Hepatic encephalopathy and cerebral edema 2.4. Current treatment for liver failure 3. Non-biologic systems 3.1. Hemodialysis 3.2. High-volume plasmapheresis 3.3. Hemofiltration 3.4. Hemodiafiltraion 3.5. Hemoperfusion 3.6. Hemodiadsorption 3.7. ALSS 3.8. MARS 4. Bioartificial liver systems 4.1. Cell source 4.1.1. Primary human hepatocytes 4.1.2. Cell lines 4.1.3. Xenogenic cells 4.1.4. Stem cells 4.2. Membranes 4.3. Bioartificial liver configurations 5. Clinically tested bioartificial liver devices 5.1. HepatAssist 5.2. Extracorporeal liver assist device (ELAD) 5.3. Bioartifical liver support system (BLSS) 5.4. TECA-hybrid artificial liver support system (TECA-HALSS) 5.5. AMC-bioartificial liver (AMC-BAL) 5.6. Modular extracorporeal liver support (MELS) 5.7. Radial flow bioreactor (RFB) 6. Future directions 7. Acknowledgments 8. References